Density-matrix simulation of small surface codes under current and projected experimental noise

We present a full density-matrix simulation of the quantum memory and computing performance of the distance-3 logical qubit Surface-17, following a recently proposed quantum circuit and using experimental error parameters for transmon qubits in a planar circuit QED architecture. We use this simulation to optimize components of the QEC scheme (e.g., trading off stabilizer measurement infidelity for reduced cycle time) and to investigate the benefits of feedback harnessing the fundamental asymmetry of relaxation-dominated error in the constituent transmons. A lower-order approximate calculation extends these predictions to the distance-$5$ Surface-49. These results clearly indicate error rates below the fault-tolerance threshold of surface code, and the potential for Surface-17 to perform beyond the break-even point of quantum memory. At state-of-the-art qubit relaxation times and readout speeds, Surface-49 could surpass the break-even point of computation.Comment: 10 pages + 8 pages appendix, 12 figure

Investigation of Flow Disturbances and Multi-Directional Wall Shear Stress in the Stenosed Carotid Artery Bifurcation Using Particle Image Velocimetry

Hemodynamics and shear forces are associated with pathological changes in the vascular wall and its function, resulting in the focal development of atherosclerosis. Flow complexities that develop in the presence of established plaques create environments favourable to thrombosis formation and potentially plaque rupture leading to stroke. The carotid artery bifurcation is a common site of atherosclerosis development. Recently, the multi-directional nature of shear stress acting on the endothelial layer has been highlighted as a risk factor for atherogenesis, emphasizing the need for accurate measurements of shear stress magnitude as well direction. In the absence of comprehensive patient specific datasets numerical simulations of hemodynamics are limited by modeling assumptions. The objective of this thesis was to investigate the relative contributions of various factors - including geometry, rheology, pulsatility, and compliance – towards the development of disturbed flow and multi-directional wall shear stress (WSS) parameters related to the development of atherosclerosis An experimental stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (PIV) system was used to measure instantaneous full-field velocity in idealized asymmetrically stenosed carotid artery bifurcation models, enabling the extraction of bulk flow features and turbulence intensity (TI). The velocity data was combined with wall location information segmented from micro computed tomography (CT) to obtain phase-averaged maps of WSS magnitude and direction. A comparison between Newtonian and non-Newtonian blood-analogue fluids demonstrated that the conventional Newtonian viscosity assumption underestimates WSS magnitude while overestimating TI. Studies incorporating varying waveform pulsatility demonstrated that the levels of TI and oscillatory shear index (OSI) depend on the waveform amplitude in addition to the degree of vessel constriction. Local compliance resulted in a dampening of disturbed flow due to volumetric capacity of the upstream vessel, however wall tracking had a negligible effect on WSS prediction. While the degree of stenosis severity was found to have a dominant effect on local hemodynamics, comparable relative differences in metrics of flow and WSS disturbances were found due to viscosity model, waveform pulsatility and local vessel compliance

Polymer, metal and ceramic matrix composites for advanced aircraft engine applications

Advanced aircraft engine research within NASA Lewis is being focused on propulsion systems for subsonic, supersonic, and hypersonic aircraft. Each of these flight regimes requires different types of engines, but all require advanced materials to meet their goals of performance, thrust-to-weight ratio, and fuel efficiency. The high strength/weight and stiffness/weight properties of resin, metal, and ceramic matrix composites will play an increasingly key role in meeting these performance requirements. At NASA Lewis, research is ongoing to apply graphite/polyimide composites to engine components and to develop polymer matrices with higher operating temperature capabilities. Metal matrix composites, using magnesium, aluminum, titanium, and superalloy matrices, are being developed for application to static and rotating engine components, as well as for space applications, over a broad temperature range. Ceramic matrix composites are also being examined to increase the toughness and reliability of ceramics for application to high-temperature engine structures and components

Lower-temperature fabrication of airbridges by grayscale lithography to increase yield of nanowire transmons in circuit QED quantum processors

Quantum hardware based on circuit quantum electrodynamics makes extensive use of airbridges to suppress unwanted modes of wave propagation in coplanar-waveguide transmission lines. Airbridges also provide an interconnect enabling transmission lines to cross. Traditional airbridge fabrication produces a curved profile by reflowing resist at elevated temperature prior to metallization. The elevated temperature can affect the coupling energy and even yield of pre-fabricated Josephson elements of superconducting qubits, tuneable couplers and resonators. We employ grayscale lithography in place of reflow to reduce the peak airbridge processing temperature from $200$ to $150^\circ\mathrm{C}$, showing a substantial yield increase of transmon qubits with Josephson elements realized using Al-contacted InAs nanowires.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures, 1 tabl

Digital Quantum Rabi and Dicke Models in Superconducting Circuits

We propose the analog-digital quantum simulation of the quantum Rabi and Dicke models using circuit quantum electrodynamics (QED). We find that all physical regimes, in particular those which are impossible to realize in typical cavity QED setups, can be simulated via unitary decomposition into digital steps. Furthermore, we show the emergence of the Dirac equation dynamics from the quantum Rabi model when the mode frequency vanishes. Finally, we analyze the feasibility of this proposal under realistic superconducting circuit scenarios.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures. Published in Scientific Report

An exploratory flight investigation of helicopter sling-load placements using a closed-circuit television as a pilot aid

Helicopter sling load operations have been limited during pick up and delivery of external cargo by the lack of precision achieved by the combination of pilot, helicopter, and sling load. Use of a closed circuit television as a pilot aid during sling load delivery and placement was documented along with additional cases representing procedures currently employed by military and commercial operators. Although an increase in pilot workload was noted when the television system was used, the results indicated a comparable level of performance for each test case

High Kinetic Inductance Superconducting Nanowire Resonators for Circuit QED in a Magnetic Field

We present superconducting microwave-frequency resonators based on NbTiN nanowires. The small cross section of the nanowires minimizes vortex generation, making the resonators resilient to magnetic fields. Measured intrinsic quality factors exceed $2\times 10^5$ in a $6$ T in-plane magnetic field, and $3\times 10^4$ in a $350$ mT perpendicular magnetic field. Due to their high characteristic impedance, these resonators are expected to develop zero-point voltage fluctuations one order of magnitude larger than in standard coplanar waveguide resonators. These properties make the nanowire resonators well suited for circuit QED experiments needing strong coupling to quantum systems with small electric dipole moments and requiring a magnetic field, such as electrons in single and double quantum dots